雪軒齋隨想

課程名稱︰政治概論
課程性質︰社會科學領域
課程教師︰李錫錕
開課系所︰政治系
考試時間︰2005.06.21
3:30~5:10 共100分鐘

試題 :

一.何謂政治?為何研究政治的政治科學不能和其他的科學(不論是社會或自然科學)在概念上或理論上脫鉤，其相關性在哪裡? 20%

二.十七世紀以後，日耳曼地區的政治文化對權力的詮釋逐漸形成一種異於傳統的新價值體系，先是被稱為「新教主義」(protestantism)，後來被稱為「超人主義」(Ubermenschism)；該價值體系被認為對於西歐與美國成為世界強權國家具有不可忽視之影響力，試答:

(1)該價值體系的主要特點為何，請舉一位代表人物說明之。 40%

(2)它和其他政治文化(試舉一種為例)的差別為何? 40%

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課程名稱︰政治概論
課程性質︰通識
課程教師︰李錫錕
開課系所︰政治系
考試時間︰94.01.11

試題 :

1.「政治」是人與人之間在他們的共同環境中為了追求或維護自我利益而產生的「互動」；這個互動係根據他們對環境的「察覺」(perception)而妳訂的策略(strategy)而進行，這個策略一再使用而成為「模式」(pattern)，俗稱「文化」(culture)。有某些個人或族群的文化因為幫助眾人獲得可觀的利益而被模仿與景仰，於是被神聖化為「偶像」，成為卓越的文化象徵。下列文化象徵分別代表不同的卓越人士對不同環境的察覺與策略，試討論其不同與優劣：佛(buhdda)，英雄(hero)，超人(Ubermensch)。(本題佔60%)

2.何謂「心力」(power of psychology)?試舉例說明心力在人類政治行為的演化過程中所扮演的角色。(本題佔40%)

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課程名稱︰政治概論
課程性質︰通識
課程教師︰李錫錕老師
開課系所︰政治系
考試時間︰2004/6/15 3:40-5:20pm

試題 :

1.(50%)試以"政治"之基本定義為脈絡,說明(a)"為何"人類(以及所有生物)無法避免政治? (b)冰河解凍(距金約10000年)時代之"前"人類的政治活動之特質;(c)該時代之"後"的政治活動面臨何種變化?
2.(50%)"政治"不可避免地涉及"力"(或權力power)之運用,擁有最強大的權力之人 吾人稱為"卓越之士"或"貴族統治"(aristocracy).請以宏觀角度剖析人類社會10000年以來的政治發展過程中,面臨環境變遷而產生的不同類型的卓越之士,他們的力的表現是否具有"共同性"與"差異性"?

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政治概論91-92

1.科學界的基本共識是人類大規模的文化生活開始於距今11000年左右.試從政治科學觀點說明 (1)為何發生這個轉變? (2)轉變之前與之後的異同?

2.說明制度(institution)與意識型態(ideology)在政治權力運作上的功能.

3.德國尼采(Friedrich Nietzsche)被政治學者公認為是<卓越者統治>(aristocracy)或<菁英主義>(elitism)的代言人,試說明下列他的有關政治力的概念(1)will to power (2)pathos of distance (3) eternal recurrence of the same event ;以及「為何」這些概念成為以西歐與美國為主體的西方社會統治者的世界觀(weltanschauung)的主要成份.

第一題:閱讀測驗(略)
相關問題:人類文明已經進步到征服外星球，民主、平等、國家觀念早已深入人心，為何"nepotism"仍揮之不去，即使歐美人也不能避免?請討論
第二題:統治者(ruler)與菁英(elite)都是政治上擁有權力的人，他們之間有何不同?
第三題:請從政治學觀點解釋為何希臘的悲劇(tragic drama)形成一種迷思(myth)，一直支配著西方國家的文化生活

一.社會科學研究指出:人類的行為模式反映他們和生存環境的互動。今日我們所謂的"文明"的生存環境其實只是近一萬年來的事實，相較於人類社會起源的數十萬年歷史，只不過是短暫的現象。試就所學探討並列舉；在此數十萬年至今天的長遠的演化過程中，人類的互動(即政治)行為有無至今仍然持續不變的共同的模式?

二.近代西方社會的政治思想把"悲劇"與"權力"放在不可分的關係，其理論基礎為何?

三.試討論中產階級的本質以證明他是政治民主與社會穩定的指標。

四.民主政治的直譯是"群眾統治"，請解析群眾為何擁有"力量"可以"統治"?

1.為何一個國家"cannot so easily abolish the dynastic impulse"?請就所學說明之。

2.西方國家的政治文化對於「權力」的價值觀包括很尖銳的「主人vs奴隸」心態的對比，這種認知的對比甚至於比社會階級差異還要重大;請就所學 討論一下「主人」、「奴隸」兩個文化概念。

3.所謂「中產階級」、「資本家階級」在政治學上具有那些突出的特色?

一、本課程在探討人類政治行為的邏輯(即政治科學)的過程中，一再強調人類在進化過程的某階段開始累積某些政治智慧，吾人稱為「遺傳與學習共同演化」之本能(Genetic-CuHural Coevolution)，試說明這些特殊才能的內容與意義。

二、政治意識形態(political ideology)在全力運作中扮演何種功能？並舉例。

三、貴族政治(aristoeracy)意涵是「卓越者掌權統治國家社會」，可見它的存在不受時空變遷而消失，堪稱為永恆性的政治現象。試就所學說明「卓越者」有何行為特質使他們與一般民眾有所差別。

一、試以所學，說明並比較冰河解凍(Holocene Epoch)之前與之後(1)人與人 (2)男人與女人 (3)族群與族群 三類的互動行為的特色。

二、政治學強調(1)人與人之間的推動力(權力)以及(2)有權力者稱為贏家(winner)或菁英(elite)，贏家掌控有形與無形的資源。試從「政治學」的觀點比較古代農業社會和現代社會贏家的特
質有何差別？

Posted by CeShine at 8:42 PM | Permalink | Comments

Dear Yahoo!:

What's the bestselling video game of all time?

Lester Orange County, California

Dear Lester:
That depends -- are you talking arcade, console, or PC? According to Time Magazine, The Sims is the bestselling PC game of all time. It passed perennial powerhouse MYST in 2002.

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Super Mario Brothers is the bestselling video game of all time, with over 40 million units sold. The twenty-six Mario games have sold an astounding 152 million copies since Donkey Kong came out in 1983. However, Super Mario Brothers came bundled with the Nintendo's NES gaming system, so it had a Microsoft-like advantage in that respect.

But Mario is still sitting pretty, as Super Mario Brothers 3 has sold eighteen million unbundled copies since it's release. And the bestselling video game console? That would be Sony PlayStation. The bestselling coin-operated arcade game appears to be the one and only Pac-Man.

For the latest video game sales statistics, we suggest you head on over to NDP Funworld, an industry-tracking service. Right now it's all about football.

Posted by CeShine at 12:54 AM | Permalink | Comments

Old news...But still worth mentioning..
Source: NYTIMES

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SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 12 - Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger rejected arguments on Monday that the death row inmate Stanley Tookie Williams was either innocent of capital murder or worthy of mercy because of his claims of redemption and denied a clemency petition to commute his sentence to life in prison.

The governor's highly anticipated decision seemed to all but seal the fate of Mr. Williams, whose execution was scheduled for Tuesday at 12:01 a.m. Pacific time. On Monday evening, hours after rejecting the clemency request, Mr. Schwarzenegger also turned down a request for a stay of execution based on a last-minute claim of innocence.

Mr. Williams's lawyers cited new accounts from witnesses in making the request. A similar request was filed late in the evening, but with an hour left before the execution, Mr. Schwarzenegger had not responded, The Associated Press reported.

Mr. Williams, 51, a leader of the Crips gang of Los Angeles who was convicted of murdering four people in 1979 amid an avalanche of gang violence there, suffered two other setbacks Monday as a federal appeals court and then the Supreme Court refused to grant a stay of execution.

In his decision denying clemency, issued less than 12 hours before Mr. Williams was scheduled to die by lethal injection, Mr. Schwarzenegger wrote that the case had been appealed to various courts since Mr. Williams was condemned in 1981, each one upholding his conviction.

The governor described the four murders in chilling detail, included a long list of the evidence against Mr. Williams, and said the proof of his guilt was "strong and compelling."

"Without an apology and atonement for these senseless and brutal killings," Mr. Schwarzenegger wrote, "there can be no redemption. In this case, the one thing that would be the clearest indication of complete remorse and full redemption is the one thing Williams will not do."

In South Los Angeles, where the Crips have been blamed for hundreds of killings, several residents said they believed that Mr. Williams should be put to death.

"If he'd have killed your daughter, you'd want him dead," said Lee Johnson, 89, a retired construction worker. "He killed somebody. You got to pay for what you do."

At San Quentin at 6 p.m., officials moved Mr. Williams into what is known as the "death watch cell," a 6-by-8-foot enclosure with a toilet and a sink about 15 feet from the execution chamber, and gave him a stack of 50 to 75 letters.

Mr. Williams decided in the final hours to allow five witnesses to his death. In an interview on Nov. 29 with The New York Times, he said he would not request a last meal.

"I'd be out of my mind to accept a meal from a place that wants to destroy me," he said.

Mr. Williams said he was at peace with his imminent death. But, he said: "To threaten me with death does not accomplish the means of the criminal justice system or satiate those who think my death or my demise will be a closure for them. Their loved ones will not rise up from the grave and love them. I wish they could. I sympathize or empathize with everyone who has lost a loved one. But I didn't do it. My death would not mollify them."

Of the execution, he said: "I'll go through it with dignity, with integrity, with love and bliss in my heart. I smile at everything, and I'm quite sure I'll smile then, too."

Posted by CeShine at 9:36 PM | Permalink | Comments